Optimization of Traffic Signal Settings by Mixed-Integer Linear Programming, Part 1: The Network Coordination Problem." Gartner, Nathan H., John D.C. Little and Henry Gabbay. Transportation Science Vol. 9, No. 4 (1975): 321-363.

Optimization of Traffic Signal Settings by Mixed-Integer Linear Programming, Part 2: The Network Synchronization Problem." Gartner, Nathan H., John D.C. Little and Henry Gabbay. Transportation Science Vol. 9, No. 4 (1975): 321-363.